Integrated animal biology is the study of the biology of animals. It explores the structure of invertebrates and vertebrates representatives, and their main biological functions. This course will cover different topics in animal biology as the phylogeny and classification, history of animals (Fossils), biodiversity, locomotion, feeding, digestion, biological associations, gaseous exchange, circulation, excretion, reproduction and neural integration.

Students will be given general knowledge about both ethical problems in research and different views on what constitutes ethics and science respectively. And to improve the student's ability to think about his or her preconceived notions and values ​​in terms of ethical research problems and the student's ability to mobilize a sense of responsibility when confronted with ethical problems in research. And to identify and characterize problems and ethical research solutions • Identify interests and interests of stakeholders • Apply these skills to their own research by studying theories, ethical rules, guidelines and laws governing research, fraud and misconduct in science as well as Ethics of the profession.

Biologists are increasingly using quantitative techniques to analyze larger and larger data sets. A command of the available analytical techniques is an important part of the set of skills which are expected of a trained biologist, especially those working in the broad area of ecology. The class will introduce techniques available for the analysis of biological data, including correlation, regression and multivariate methods. Emphasis will be on the practical use and abuse of these techniques rather than derivations or mathematical formulae. Students will explore real and realistic data sets. There will be lectures on the use of techniques and tutorials on their practical implementation in the program R. Students will try them out using real and simulated data sets.

The course deals with developmental biology of plants and environmental constrains upon plant growth. Focus is on regulation of cell division, meristem activity, plant stem cells, embryogenesis and organogenesis, signal transduction and plant hormones. The basic concept of general growth and development will be introduced, treating how specific plant organs develop as the plant grows from an embryo to a flowering plant. How does the cell cycle and growth control contribute to plant development and how is cell cycle and growth controlled, how are cell walls and metabolism integrated into development. How do stresses impact on growth and development and what kind of molecular mechanisms underly these processes.

The course is concerned with the provision of microbiology and basic laboratory knowledge associated with research, development and quality control. The course reviews the practical application of living organisms and their different components and the use of microorganisms to improve health, nutrition, and the environment and to exploit them to produce a specific product.

Studies include: the mechanisms of polypeptide chain folding; the three-dimensional configuration of proteins; interactions of proteins with other proteins, nucleic acids and phospholipids; relationship between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix; and structure-function relations and domain structure of enzymes. Application of the current technology and techniques such as x-ray crystallography, multi-dimensional NMR spectrometry, scanning and transmission microscopy and atomic-force microscopy, tandem mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, recombinant DNA technology and computer simulation.

The goal of this course is to teach students to critically analyze theories and research in the field of behavioral ecology. The course will begin with an introduction to the application of the scientific method to the study of behavior (levels of analysis and hypothesis testing). Topics that will follow include foraging and anti-predator behavior, habitat selection, migration, communication, reproductive behavior, mating systems, parental care, and the evolution of social behavior.

This course will cover conservation and biodiversity at both the population and ecosystem level with focus on ecological and evolutionary processes and their interactions. Also this course provides important information including genetic, organismal, and community levels. Examples include DNA barcoding, adaptive radiations, phylogenetic trees, and biodiversity hotspots. Skills development in critical thinking and interpretation of the primary literature is emphasized, with coursework involving group presentations, discussions, and written analyses. This course will provide an introduction to the basic principles of conservation and biodiversity. The field of conservation biology is interdisciplinary. Protecting our remaining biological diversity will involve all fields of science, from the humanities to natural sciences. This course will also explore economics and politics as they relate to conservation, through topics including the red list and interest organizations. Recently extinct animals will also be introduced and discussed in the context of keystone species, as well as other concepts. We will also consider the value wildlife has in different communities, and explore the different levels on which protection of species can take place.

This course will provide informative knowledge on: the nature of biotechnology, the biomass as a biotechnology substrate, modern genetics and biotechnology, bioprocess/fermentation technology, enzyme technology, biological fuel technology, environmental biotechnology, animal and insect biotechnology, industrial food biotechnology, biotechnology and medicine, agricultural biotechnology, stem cell biotechnology, safety in biotechnology, The basis of genetic engineering: introduction to advanced molecular biology, working with nucleic acids, tools of genetic engineering.

This course will also explore economics and politics as they relate to conservation, through topics including the red list and interest organizations. Recently extinct animals will also be introduced and discussed in the context of keystone species, as well as other concepts. We will also consider the value wildlife has in different communities, and explore the different levels on which protection of species can take place.

This course will provide an introduction to the basic principles of conservation and biodiversity. The field of conservation biology is interdisciplinary. Protecting our remaining biological diversity will involve all fields of science, from the humanities to natural sciences.

This course will provide informative knowledge on the main pests of fruits and trees of olive and palms and their contribution to national economy and exports. This is necessary for the full understanding of how can we manage the pests of these economic plants. The biology and management of olive and palm tree pests will be discussed. In addition, the enemies of the fruiting of olive trees will be vigorously studied. Recent trends in the integrated management of the olive and pests including physical, chemical, biological and genetic methods will be studied.

This course includes studying the development of the complex organism from the fertilized egg, leading from the control of gene expression, to cell interaction, to the formation of tissues and organs. It considers the development of many types of vertebrates and invertebrates embryos and also post-embryonic process. Major sections of the course include pattern formation (cell lineage, cell interaction); control of gene expression; genetic analysis of the nematode and in Drosophila (the oocyte, the embryo and imaginal discs); mammalian development. The study of development is central to modern biology. It is rapidly revealing how multi-cellular organisms form the correct cells, tissues and organs in the right place at the right time, to generate the complex organism from the fertilized egg. Combining manipulative, genetic and molecular approaches, the path from genes to organism. Mechanisms is used in the development of vertebrates and invertebrates. Understanding stem cells and how they function.

This is an advanced course catering to students with a clear interest in immunology, and those with research interests. The material presented builds on the foundation of basic immunological principles that students will have obtained. It will focus on how immunology is put into practice in the context of human health and disease. The main topics are innate immunity and immune cell trafficking; structure and function of the lymphatic system; Inflammation and therapeutics in the air ways, T cell biology; mucosal immunity, inflammation and disease in the GI tract; Immune related diseases; Cancer Immunotherapy; Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology and Immunology Across the Lifespan. Also This course will deal with topics related to vaccine development, bone marrow transplantation, immunodeficiencies, leukemias and lymphomas and the epigenetic regulation of immune genes.

The main purpose of this course Provide students with a broad informative background of Hormonal regulation of physiological systems in several vertebrate system. How the endocrine system is functioning, structures. Molecular modes of action of a large variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hormones and understand How metazoan hormones and their functional mechanisms have evolved. The experimental methods used in endocrine research. The evolution and diversity of endocrine control of physiological systems using a comparative approach.

The main purpose of this course is to provide graduate students with advanced and applied topics in the field of parasitology and entomology, for instance, physiological aspects and epidemiological features of parasites and insects of medical, veterinary and economic importance, and various means of control and prevention of human diseases. In addition, advanced laboratory techniques to study the pathogenicity, diagnosis of parasites, as well as to control the insect-borne diseases will be considered. The students would also able to maintain parasites and insects in the laboratory, to carry out their experiments.

This course demonstrate the characteristics of both aquatic and terrestrial animal populations (Natality rate, Mortality rate, Density, Age distribution). It also explains populations' growth (aquatic and terrestrial) and the abiotic effects on this growth. Species intra- and inter-relationships as well as different aquatic species, Population growth- Population cycles, Community changes and animal communities of the desert are also considered.

Knowledge of the basic concepts of Reproductive physiology and its importance. Identify the nature of reproductive and hormonal functions of the male (and function of the pineal gland). Identification of female physiology before pregnancy and female hormones. Studying the pregnancy and lactation. Studying the fetal and neonatal physiology.

The Master's Thesis in Zoology is the cornerstone of the Master's program, as it represents an opportunity for the student to apply the theoretical knowledge acquired during his studies, and conduct original research in a specific field within the specialization of zoology. The course aims to develop the student's research skills, and his ability to critically analyze, formulate scientific problems, propose solutions, and write scientific research.