This course deals with the physiological functions of the respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal and the central nervous system together with discussion of pain pathways. The structures comprising each system will be described together with the relation between each other and the methods of control and regulation of each system. Furthermore, in the respiratory system attention will be given to the chemical and nervous control of the respiration. The renal system, the mechanisms of reabsorption of electrolytes and water will be covered. In the gastrointestinal tract, the mechanisms of food digestion and the absorption of nutrients will be discussed.