this course focuses on electricity, magnetism, and optics. The course combines theoretical and practical components, covering fundamental principles of electrostatics (Coulomb's law, electric fields), circuit analysis (Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's rules), magnetism (magnetic fields, Faraday's law), and optics (reflection, refraction, lenses). The practical component reinforces theoretical concepts through hands-on laboratory experiments using equipment like oscilloscopes, Wheatstone bridges, and potentiometers. Students learn mathematical principles and real-world applications, from analyzing simple circuits to understanding complex optical systems like microscopes. The course also includes wave mechanics and sound, providing a solid foundation in classical physics principles