Basic circuit elements and concepts, Basic laws of circuit theory, Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff's law, Circuit Theorems: superposition principle, The venin and Norton theorems, maximum power transfer theorem, Techniques of circuit analysis: Nodal and Mesh analysis, Direct current, and Alternating current. Semiconductors, PN junction diode: basic structure, I-V characteristics, Diode applications: rectifiers, clipping, and clamping. Bipolar junction transistor (BJT): basic structure, modes of operation, Field effect transistor (FET): structure and operation of enhancement MOSFET, I-V characteristics.