Functional blocks of digital communication systems: PAM, PWM, PPM and PCM. Design of S/H circuits, A/D and D/A converters, and timing (clock generator) circuits. Circuit design using PLL, VCO, and multipliers. Design of PAM, PPM, PWM and PCM transmitters, detectors, frequency synthesizers. Special circuits for phase shift keying. Reference circuits and voltage regulators, drivers, Output stages, Wave‐shapers, triangle-wave generators, square-wave generators, pulse generators, design of active filters, switched capacitor circuits, Schmitt trigger, multivibrators.