Biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: Multifunctional potential applications in anticancer, antibacterial, and B. subtilis DNA gyrase docking

In this work, extracts from okra fruit are used to
create zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in an economical
and environmentally friendly manner. During the synthesis
process, okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) extracts served as
stabilizing and reducing agents. Various analytical methods
were used to describe the final nanoparticles. The outcomes
showed that the produced ZnO NPs primarily exhibited
hexagonal shapes, with sizes ranging from 20 to 27 nm in
diameter. The cytotoxicity study, conducted on human fibroblast normal HFB4 cell lines, indicated that the IC50 dose was
227.8 μg·mL−1. The IC50 dose of 119.7 μg·mL−1 was found in
antitumor effect studies using breast adenocarcinoma Mcf-7
cell lines, revealing a good level of safety for ZnO NPs.
Compared to Gram-negative infections, the ZnO NPs were found
to have a significantly higher anti-bacterial impact against
Gram-positive pathogens. Molecular docking against DNA gyrase
A subunit of Bacillus subtilis (PDB ID: 4DDQ) illustrated that the
ZnO NPs were interlocked with the active site of 4DDQ by a
fitting energy value of −50.91 kcal·mol−1 through three classical
hydrogen bonds with Asp96, Thr220, and Ala221. The last one is
also generated by the marketing tromethamine drug (TRS),
adding some TRS-like character to the ZnO NP inhibitor