Bacterial biodegradation of oil-contaminated soil for pollutant abatement contributing to achieve sustainable development goals: A comprehensive review

Petroleum hydrocarbon-induced environmental degradation has escalated, necessitating immediate remediation
due to the ongoing growth of communities and modernization of civilization. Both carbon and energy can be
obtained from hydrocarbons of petroleum, which are decomposed by a wide variety of microorganisms found in
nature. Many times, remediation of places damaged by oil using biological means is accomplished by using
bacteria that have such characteristics. Hence, this review attempt to highlight on the oil contaminated soil,
source of oil pollution, the composition of oil, the impact of oil contamination on the living organisms addi
tionally, the destiny of oil in the environment, how bacteria distributed in the soil and the most common
degradable bacteria and their role in oil biodegradation with some attention on the impact of their enzymes.
Also, considering the mechanism of biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic oil hydrocarbon compounds, how
bacteria taking up oil hydrocarbons and the influence of several elements on the processes of oil biodegradation.
Furthermore, it; reducing pollution contributes to achieving sustainable development goals.