Electrical and electrochemical properties of A-site non-stoichiometry Ca0.67La0.22□0.11Ti(1− x)CrxO3−δ electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells

Due to increasing global energy demands and environmental concerns, the search for alternative and environmentally friendly energy sources is of a paramount importance. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have emerged as a promising solution thanks to their high efficiency and minimal environmental impact. In this regard, perovskite oxides, with their unique properties, have attracted significant attention. This study investigates the dielectric dispersion, electrical features, scaling behavior, and optical defects of Ca0.67La0.22Ti0.85Cr0.15O3 with x = 0.15, CLT0.85Cr0.15. The presence of a vacancy in the A-site is denoted by the square in the formula. Relaxation phenomena were analysed using dielectric and modulus formalism, while the conductivity mechanism was explored through electrical conductivity measurements. The optical defects of CLT0.85Cr0.15 were analysed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The findings revealed the formation of Cr3+–VO center defects. These defects serve as sources of in-gap electron traps, thereby enhancing the optical properties of CLT0.85Cr0.15, making it as a compelling material for various optical applications. The power density increased with temperature, reaching 0.73 W/cm2 at 850 °C, suggesting that CLT0.85Cr0.15 could be a promising electrolyte for IT-SOFCs. The peak in power density correlated with temperature due to thermal effects on ion motion. However, the open circuit voltage decreased with temperature increase, due to increased oxygen vacancies and electron/hole conduction in CLT0.85Cr0.15. The findings suggest that perovskite materials could revolutionize SOFCs technology, paving the way for more efficient and environmentally friendly energy solutions.