Advancements in understanding the malignant transformation pathways of oral submucous fibrosis: Implications for early detection and intervention
Abstract
Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, potentially malignant
disorder of the oral cavity characterized by fibrosis of the oral mucosa,
leading to restricted mouth opening and an increased risk of malignant
transformation.
Global estimates suggest that in 1996, approximately 2.5 million
cases of OSMF were recorded. Despite numerous case-finding studies,
especially in South and Southeast Asia, OSMF remains non-notifiable,
and there is a lack of population-based data [33]. In India, the preva-
lence of OSMF has been approximated to vary from 0.2 % to 2.3 % in
males and from 1.2 % to 4.6 % in females, spanning across a wide age
range from 11 to 60 years [1].
Although the exact etiology of OSMF remains unclear, it is commonly
associated with betel quid chewing, particularly in South Asian coun-
tries. The malignant transformation of OSMF into oral cancer represents
a significant clinical challenge, with a poor prognosis and limited
treatment options. Recent advancements in our understanding of the
molecular mechanisms underlying this process have shed light on po-
tential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for early detection and
intervention[1].
1. Pathogenesis of