Oral health status, self-perceptions, and risk awareness among young adult users of electronic cigarettes in Pakistan

INTRODUCTION The use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) has surged globally, particularly
among young individuals. This study aimed to assess the perceptions of vapingrelated
oral health risks, clinical oral health status, and self-perceived dental and
periodontal conditions among young adult users of ECs in Pakistan.
METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2023 to March 2024,
recruiting 142 young users of ECs. Intraoral examinations assessed Decayed,
Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S),
Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Plaque Index (PI), and dental stain. Data on
sociodemographic characteristics, oral health behaviors, vaping habits, and
perceptions of impact of vaping on oral health were gathered through a selfadministered
questionnaire. Associations between EC use and various oral health
variables were analyzed using the chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests.
RESULTS Mean DMFT was 5.66 (SD=2.20). Poor oral hygiene (29.6%) and severe
dental staining were prevalent. Most participants (76.1%) brushed once daily,
while only 34.5% attended regular dental check-ups. Gingival bleeding and plaque
accumulation were observed in 47.2% and 35.3% of participants. Around 66%
reported daily EC use, with 80.3% initiating vaping before the age of 18 years.
Most common reason for vaping was perception that ECs are safer than traditional
smoking (31.7%). Participants' perceptions of vaping-related oral health risks
were relatively low, with 45% associating vaping with tooth decay, 48% with
gum disease, and 58.5% with tooth staining. Tooth brushing frequency, vaping
frequency (per day), and time since vaping started, were significantly associated
with oral clinical indicators (p<0.05).