The role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of metabolic syndromes

Vitamin D (VitD) is important for several physiological and functional processes inside the human body, as shown by the presence of its receptors in all kinds of cells. VitD has an important role as a secondary hormone in several bodily tissues. Numerous studies have substantiated the link between insufficient levels of VitD and metabolic disruptions. Among these disturbances, the most notable mechanism involves the elevation of body fat resulting from heightened triglyceride levels, alongside increased cholesterol, blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and markers of inflammation (1–3). Consequently, such a condition predisposes the body to the progress of perilous chronic diseases, posing a significant threat to overall health. Laboratory studies, epidemiological research, and clinical investigations all provide evidence suggesting a potential association between VitD insufficiency and the onset and progression of obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, hepatic and renal disease and others (4). Scientific study endeavors to uncover preventative measures for chronic diseases by elucidating the function of VitD in mitigating the risk of metabolic abnormalities associated with these syndromes (Figure 1).