Potential of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Management of Diabetes: Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders often associated with hyperglycemia, altered carbohydrate, lipid, and
protein metabolism. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes associated with the disturbance of the normal level of
insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cell. The current treatment of diabetes is done with semi-synthetic and synthetic drugs, but it
is associated with adverse effects. Now, scientific community searches for new herbal bioactive as a replacement for successful
management of the disease. Primitively bioactive compounds from herbs served as the backbone of medical therapy. The
significant scientific facts and profitable dormant of ancient medicines are directed to increased global attention for herbal
remedies. Herbal remedies are composed of an intricate blend of several bioactive molecules with accountable pharmacological
action. Numerous published reports claim the pharmacological action of herbal remedies of the exact phytoconstituents. It is
imperative to understand the pharmacokinetics of such phytoconstituents, with only a few phytoconstituents whose pharmacokinetic properties have been reported, and it requires to explore the pharmacokinetic property of other phytoconstituents. There
are many bioactive plants that have antidiabetic properties such as Capsicum (chili pepper), Vitis vinifera (grape vine),
Glycyrrhiza, Cinnamomum extract, Ervatamia microphylla, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Moringa oleifera. This review
highlights comprehensive information on pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of different bioactive constituents which is
obtained from various plants that may afford as antidiabetic therapeutics.