Biomechanical Analysis of Stress Distribution and Force Dynamics in Nobel Active Implants at Varying Angulations: A Finite Element Study

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the stress distribution and force direction in Nobel Active implants and their crowns under varying implant angulations using finite element analysis. Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted using Nobel Active implants with zirconia crowns. Implants were modelled at 0°, 5°, and 10° angulations. Vertical loads of 300 N were applied to simulate masticatory forces. Stress distribution (von Mises stress) and force directions (DX, DY, DZ) were analyzed across the crown, implant body, and hard bone. Results: Increased implant angulation amplified stress across all regions. The crown exhibited stress levels of 51.72 MPa (0°), 52.12 MPa (5°), and 54.26 MPa (10°). The implant body showed stress ranging from 44.3 MPa (0°) to 64.59 MPa (10°). Hard bone stress increased from 21.84 MPa (0°) to 37.37 MPa (10°). Force directions showed the highest displacement in the DY axis, increasing from 0.0107 mm (0°) to 0.0156 mm (10°). Conclusion: Implant angulation significantly influences stress distribution and force dynamics. Higher angulation increases stress in the crown, implant body, and hard bone while amplifying vertical and anteroposterior forces. These findings emphasize the importance of precise angulation planning and material selection to optimize implant performance and longevity.