The effect of cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone, on the migratory properties of triple-negative breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms.

Objective: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most metastatic type of breast cancer. Cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone, shows potential anticancer effects. This study evaluated cynaropicrin's impact on metastasis and angiogenesis in TNBC cells. Materials and Methods: MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines were exposed to incrementing concentrations of cynaropicrin. The proliferation of the cell lines was assayed using the MTT method. A wound scratch technique was chosen to appraise the migratory properties of cells following cynaropicrin treatment. The transcript levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and pro-angiogenic factors were quantified via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The western blotting technique estimated the amount of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Fibronectin, Vimentin, and VEGFA. Results: The proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells was significantly lowered due to cynaropicrin in a concentration-associated way. Results of the wound healing method uncovered that cynaropicrin could mitigate the migration of breast-derived MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Cynaropicrin also upregulated E-cadherin and hindered the protein expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Fibronectin 1, and VEGFA in breast-derived MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusion: The present findings indicated the anti-metastatic capacity of cynaropicrin against TNBC by a mechanism that implicated the inhibition of the EMT and pro-angiogenic factor VEGFA. These outcomes suggest cynaropicrin as an anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic sesquiterpene lactone against TNBC.