Cell death-associated lncRNAs in cancer immunopathogenesis: An exploration of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways

Cancer remains one of the foremost causes of mortality worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic targets due to the insufficient efficacy and adverse side effects associated with existing cancer treatments. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), defined as RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, have emerged as pivotal regulators in the initiation and progression of various malignancies. In oncology, programmed cell death (PCD) serves as the primary mechanism for tumor cell elimination, comprising processes such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Recent studies have elucidated a substantial relationship between lncRNAs and these PCD pathways, indicating that lncRNAs can modulate the apoptotic and non-apoptotic death mechanisms. This regulation may influence not only the dynamics of cancer progression but also the therapeutic response to clinical interventions. This review delves into the intricate role of lncRNAs within the context of PCD in cancer, unveiling the underlying pathogenic mechanisms while proposing innovative strategies for cancer therapy. Additionally, it discusses the potential therapeutic implications of targeting lncRNAs in PCD and related signaling pathways, aiming to enhance treatment outcomes for patients facing cancer.