Practices and preferences in the use of magnification among endodontists and restorative dentists: A multicentre study

Abstract
Background and objectives
Aim of the current study was to assess the perception, preference, and practice of endodon- tists and restorative dentists at different locations around the world about dental magnifica- tion instruments.
Materials and methods
A multicenter, cross-sectional study was ethically approved from the local committee of bio- ethics. After thorough literature search, a questionnaire was designed and validated. Later, the questionnaire was distributed to 10% (53 participants) of the total planned participants to conduct a pilot study. Based on the feedback from these participants, any ambiguities or discrepancies observed in the items and content of the questionnaire was modified. The questionnaire was assessed for its internal consistency as part of validating the items with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80. The completed questionnaire with an informed consent form for the participant was administered to the endodontists and restorative dentists in three differ- ent geographical regions namely MENA (Middle East and Northern Africa), British-Isles, and Indian Sub-continent using WhatsApp through the snowball convenience sampling technique.
Results
Majority of the participants were male (56.5%) and in the age group of 25–35 years (30.3%). About 68.9% were from Indian sub-continent, followed by the British-Isles (16.5%) and the least (14.6%) were from the MENA region. By large, the participants of the present study, strongly agreed that dental magnification devices improved ergonomics, quality of work, and should be considered as standard of care in modern endodontic. Flip-up magnifiers (51.1%) and medium (8x-16x) magnification were preferred by majority of the participants. About 46.3% of specialist reported that they always used devices for all operative and end- odontic procedures, especially while locating hidden and canals and negotiating calcified canals. Participants practicing in British-Isles have 2.42 times (P<0.05) higher adequate perception with reference participants in Indian sub-continent. Additionally, participants with fellowship have 2.77 times more (P<0.01) adequate perception with reference to their coun- terparts with a master’s degree.
Conclusions
Most of the participants believe that dental magnification devices enhance the prognosis and quality of treatment of possibly all operative and endodontics procedures. Thus, empha- sized on the inclusion of devices in the postgraduate curriculum and signifies the role of con- tinuing dental education for specialist and dental assistant handling devices. However, multicenter studies with larger sample is required for generalizing the results.