Federated learning and GWO-enabled consumer-centric healthcare internet of things for pancreatic tumour

In order to get a correct diagnosis and choose the best treatment options before it becomes deadly, early detection and classification of pancreatic tumours are essential. Grading can be a tedious and time-consuming process for experts and doctors when the case is complex. In such cases, experts usually look at the tumour and pinpoint its exact position. Moreover, it could be required to compare the tumor's cells to those in the vicinity. The end goal is to confirm that the growth is a tumour and, if possible, to ascertain the exact type and grade of the tumour. However, due to the high amounts of weights sent and received from the client-side trained models, federated learning techniques incur substantial communication overhead. This study aims to address this problem by introducing a unified framework that integrates the inherent capabilities of Federated Learning (FL) with the unique characteristics of the Grey Wolf Optimisation algorithm. The pancreatic tumour dataset is used to evaluate the GWO-enabled FL framework. The proposed model was more network efficient, performed better in data imbalance scenarios, and led to lower communication costs than the currently available federated average model. Following validation, the proposed framework attained a prediction accuracy of 98.9 %. For pancreatic tumour classification, the data obtained from the proposed system can be a useful component.