Evaluation of the anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory potentials of curcumin nanoparticle in diabetic rat induced by streptozotocin

Background: Natural materials are frequently good options for drug development, regardless of their source. It has
been demonstrated that curcumin boosts antioxidant capacity and guards against diabetic disorders.
Aim: The current study aimed to evaluate the possible anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects of curcumin-NPs
(Cur-NPs) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Four groups of rats were randomly selected; (1) standard control group, (2) Cur-NPs group was given the
regular food of rats along with 5 mg/kg of Cur-NPs daily, (3) Diabetic rats in the STZ group served as the positive
control, and (4) Included in the STZ~Cur-NPs group were diabetic rats receiving Cur-NPs (5 mg/kg/day).
Results: After receiving Cur-NPs treatment for 6 weeks, the levels of glucose, tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-alpha,
interlukin1 β (IL1β), interlukin-4, interlukin-6, interlukin-10, MDA, and NO in the diabetic animals were significantly
reduced. Simultaneously, the levels of insulin, CAT, GPx, GSH, and SOD were significantly increased, approaching
the levels of the corresponding healthy animals. Similarly, insulin secretion increased in the islet β-cells as shown
by immunohistochemical analysis, indicating improved glycaemic control and eventual glucose commitment to
glycolysis; its processes for scavenging free radicals and acting as an antioxidant may explain this behavior.
Conclusion: As a result, our findings aid in the potential characterization and creation of novel therapeutic agents that
prevent diabetes.