Cone Beam Computerized Tomographic Analysis of Collum Angle of the Maxillary Central Incisors in Different Types of Malocclusion: Comparative Assessment in Saudi, Jordan and Egypt Subpopulatio

Abstract: Background: Thecollumangle(CA)isanextremelysignificantforpatientswhoareundergoingorthodontic,dentalimplantrestoration,prosthodonticandperiodontictreatments. Aimand Objectives: TodetermineandcomparethemeanCAformaxillarycentralincisorindifferenttypesof malocclusion utilizing 3D Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) images. The additional objectivesweretodetermineandcomparethemeanCAformaxillarycentralincisorbaseduponthe demographiccharacteristicsamongSaudi,JordanandEgyptsubpopulationandtotestforsignificant differencesintheCAofmaxillarycentralincisorwithdifferentmolarmalocclusions. Methodology: A total of 400 CBCT images were included from the radiology archive at the College of Dentistry, Jouf University (Sakaka, Saudi Arabia). The CBCT images were divided into four groups based uponmolarclassifications. TheselectedrecordswereusedforthemeasurementofCAofmaxillary central incisor using the measurement tool built into 3D:OnDemand software. Statistical analysis was done using independent t test and ANOVA to examine the differences between gender and races. Results: The mean CA for Class II div 2 exhibited significantly higher crown-root variation as compared other groups (p < 0.0001). Males sample showed greater value of CA for each group as compared to the females and this difference was statistically significant for all the groups other thanforClassI(p<0.05). Theposthocpairwisecomparisonsbetweentheracesshowedstatistically insignificant findings (p>0.05). Significant difference was found on pairwise comparisons among different malocclusion groups other than for group Class I/Class II div 1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The CA of Class II div 2 group was the greatest as compared to other malocclusion groups. Males sampleshowedgreatervalueofCAforeachgroupascomparedtothefemalesandthisdifferencewas statisticallysignificantforallthegroupsotherthanforClassI.Statisticallyinsignificantdifferencewas notedforthemeanCAamongdifferentraceswhereassignificantdifferencewasfoundonpairwise comparisonsamongdifferentmalocclusiongroupsotherthanforgroupClassI/ClassIIdiv1