Involvement of Restored Treg Cells in the ImmunePathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) Running Title:Immune Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease

Neural regression with neuroinflammation and immune dysfunction through neuro-degradativedisorder is known as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Parkinson’s disease is a progressive degradativeneuronal disorder. In this disease, the continuous depletion of dopaminergic neurons and theexistence of protein Lewy bodies are the key points of PD development. In PD patients, regulatory Tcells (Tregs) are decreased in number and have an impaired proliferative capacity that affects thesuppression of T-cell characteristics. The thymus involution decline in the functionality of T-celldevelopment and consequently naïve T cells makes the immune system more vulnerable to losing itsimmune surveillance, increasing morbidity and mortality in aged individuals. The persistent process ofthymic involution with age vigorously contributes to a progressive reduction in thymic output. Genomicdamage, cellular senescence, and epigenetic alterations are the hallmarks of cellular or moleculardamage in aging. Therapeutic potential for regeneration of the thymus would improve immunity. Somestrategies and approaches have focused on cell-based approaches, technology based on organoid andscaffold modulating of endogenous and exogenous compounds to help in the thymus regeneration,and fabrication technologies that could be used as regenerative approaches. Last but not least thepluripotent stem cell therapies.