A Treatment of Wastewater Containing Safranin O Using Immobilized Myriophyllum spicatum L. onto Polyacrylonitrile/Polyvinylpyrrodlidone Biosorbent

The phase inversion technique was used to successfully immobilize a submerged aquatic plant called Myriophyllum spicatum L. onto hybrid polymeric beads of Polyacrylonitrile/Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PAN/PVP). The surface morphology of the fabri- cated beads exhibited a porous structure with a homogeneous morphology. While their thermogram demonstrated a positive impact of PVP incorporation. In this study, the fabricated hybrid beads were tested against Safranin O as a dye adsorption model. Thus, the various parameters affecting Safranin O dye uptake onto the synthesized beads, such as time of contact, initial Safranin O concentration, adsorbent dose, and pH have been investigated and optimized using statistical response surface methodology (RSM). The results revealed that within 4 h, the fabricated PAN/PVP-M. spicatum beads showed a maximum adsorption capacity towards Safranin O dye of up to 217 mg g−1 using 0.3 g of the fabricated beads. The adsorp- tion isotherm results were also fit to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models, with the Langmuir model performing the best. The kinetic studies, on the other hand, obeyed the pseudo-second-order, and the fabricated PAN/PVP-M. spicatum beads showed appropriate reusability in the uptake of Safranin O dye from wastewater. Finally, the newly developed fabri- cated (PAN/PVP-M. spicatum) hybrid beads pave the way for the use of low-cost, efficient natural materials for wastewater treatment in the textile industry.