Energy Efficient and Load Balancing Scheme of DSR Protocol (EELB-DSR)

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) composed of a collection of nodes that are linked in scattered way to
enable wireless communications. All nodes are moveable and are dynamically connected in a random manner.
MANETs could be used in numerous applications such as: military combats, WSN, in areas where it is tricky to
construct wired network. Due to changing topology of MANET, limited power of battery , and limited bandwidth of
wireless channels, it became design of routing schemes is one of the main defy in MANET. Commonly, MANETs’
routing protocols are categorized into two types: proactive routing (e.g. DSDV) and reactive routing (e.g. AODV
and DSR). A lot of studies manifested that reactive routing protocols are better than proactive protocols. As a
result, the offered article attentive with performance improvement of DSR, which is one of the most celebrated
reactive routing protocols. The original DSR is multi hop scheme in its nature, where route election between any
two communicating nodes is merely based on minimum hops count as a metric, irrespective of another metrics like
energy of nodes and traffic load of nodes, that may have passive effect on performance of the original DSR. This
essay presents novel version of original DSR, called (EELB-DSR), through modification of route discovery stage, in
such a way that minimizes energy consumption of nodes, reduces flooding of control packets and realization of
balanced traffic load of nodes, resulting in prolong life time of nodes, thence increase life time of the routes and
relative stability of network. In the suggested scheme, route selection is based on three merged metrics: nodes’
energy, traffic load of nodes and received signal strength. Performance evaluation and comparison between
proposed scheme (EELB-DSR) and original DSR has been implemented utilizing network imitator (NS2). Results
of simulation proved that performance of the proposed protocol outperform original DSR in terms of: packet
delivery ratio, end to end delay, normalized overhead and energy consumption of nodes.