Green Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Study of Novel Quinoxaline Derivatives with Insecticidal Potential against Aphis craccivora

An efficient and environmentally friendly method was established for designing novel 3-amino-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile (1) via the reaction of bromomalononitrile and benzene-1,2-diamine under microwave irradiation in an excellent yield (93%). This targeted amino derivative was utilized for the construction of a series of Schiff bases (8–13). A new series of thiazolidinone derivatives (15–20) were synthesized in high yields (89–96%) via treatment of thioglycolic acid with Schiff bases (8–13) under microwave irradiation in high yields (89–96%). Moreover, new pyrimidine derivatives (26–30 and 35–38) were prepared by treatment of compound 1 with arylidenes (21–25) and/or alkylidenemalononitriles (31–34) using piperidine as a basic catalyst under microwave conditions. Based on elemental analyses and spectral data, the structures of the new assembled compounds were determined. The newly …