Entropy Generation in Peristaltic Transport of Hybrid Nanofluids with Thermal Conductivity Variations and Electromagnetic Effects

Entropy generation in peristaltic transport of hybrid nanofluid possessing temperature-
dependent thermal conductivity through a two-dimensional vertical channel is studied in this paper.
The hybrid nanofluid consists of multi-walled carbon nanotubes mixed with zinc oxide suspended in
engine oil. Flow is affected by a uniform external magnetic field, hence generating Lorentz force, Hall
and heating effects. Given the vertical orientation of the channel, the analysis accounts for mixed
convection. To study heat transfer in the current flow configuration, the model considers phenomena
such as viscous dissipation, heat generation or absorption, and thermal radiation. The mathematical
modeling process employs the lubrication approach and Galilean transformation for enhanced
accuracy. The slip condition for the velocity and convective conditions for the temperature are
considered at the boundaries. The study analyzes entropy generation using the Homotopy Analysis
Method (HAM) and includes convergence curves for HAM solutions. Results are presented using
graphs and bar charts. The analysis shows that higher Brinkman and thermal radiation parameters
result in higher temperatures, while higher thermal conductivity parameters lead to reduced entropy
generation and temperature profile. Additionally, higher Hall parameter values decrease entropy
generation, while an increased Hartman number improves entropy generation.