Protective role of antifusarial eco-friendly agents (Trichoderma and salicylic acid) to improve resistance performance of tomato plants

Fusarium wilt triggered great losing in tomato plants quality and quantity in all worlds. In the recent
experiment, physiological resistance performance in tomato seedlings using Trichoderma harzianum
and salicylic acid (SA) either (individual or combination) anti Fusarium had been studied. In vitro antifun
gal prospective of T. harzianum and SA against F. oxysporum were also examined. A noticeable antifungal
capacity with highest activity of 10 and 8 mm ZOI after the treatment with the T. harzianum and SA. Also,
Trichoderma have great ability to decreasing Fusarium growth by 25% inhibition at dual culture method.
The MIC of SA was 1.5 mM to reduce Fusarium growth. For more ultrastructure by TEM of Fusarium trea
ted with SA and Trichoderma showed alteration of cell wall as well as cytoplasmic components of myce
lium, macroconidia and microconida. In the current experiment, ameliorative potentials of T. harzianum
and SAeither (individual or combination) via soil or foliar application were administered to the Fusarium
infected tomato plants and then disease index, growth indicators, photosynthetic pigments, metabolic
markers, and antioxidant isozymes were assessed. The achieved result indicates that T. harzianum and
SA through two modes (foliar and soil) lowered PDI by 12.50 and 20.83% and produced great protecting
ability by 86.36 and 72.2%. The results revealed, infected seedlings exhibited high decrement in all tested
growth characters, photosynthetic pigment contents, contents of total carbohydrate and protein, whereas
proline, phenols and enzymes’ activity were elevated under Fusarium infectivity. It was concluded that
use of combination (T. harzianum and SA) acted as a commercially eco-friendly instrument for intensify
ing the defense system of tomato plants against Fusarium wilt