Role of Probiotics against Human Cancers, Inflammatory Diseases, and Other Complex Malignancies

Probiotics have growing medical importance as a result of their potential in the prevention and therapeutic support of several complex diseases, including different types of cancers. The anticarcinogenic properties of probiotics are attributed to various mechanisms, including alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, suppression of cell proliferation, stimulation of apoptosis, inhibition of NF-kB, reduction in levels of H2AX, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, RIG-I, downregulation of IL-17, and TNF signaling pathway. Furthermore, probiotics have demonstrated significant advantages in the prevention and management of other complex diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Probiotics had a considerable effect in reducing inflammatory infiltration and the occurrence of precancerous lesions. Additionally, the administration of probiotics led to a decrease in the appearance level of genes related to proinflammatory pathways, including NF-κB, IL-17, and TNF signaling pathways. However, further research studies are required to comprehend the processes via which probiotics exert their effects and to authenticate their potential as alternative therapeutic interventions.