Enhancing Efficiency and Thermal Stability of Amino benzotriazole fluorescent dye via Ligand-To-metal charge transfer reactions for solar cell applications: A comprehensive compositional and spectroscopic study.

Herein in this study, we have synthesized three new iron(III), chromium(III), and vanadium(III)
transition metal complexes of the 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-phenyl)-5-aminobenzotriazole (hpabt) fluorescent dye. Infrared,
and ultraviolet-visible spectral examinations, as well as elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, and molar
conductivity analyses, all supported the structural interpretations. The complexes have a stoichiometry of 1:1 (M3+:
hpabt) based on the analytical, spectroscopic, and thermal data. The molar conductance measurements showed that
the chloride ions inside the coordination sphere and all the metal chelates are non-electrolytes. These three
complexes decomposition processes are examined and their thermal stabilities were examined using
thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. Activation entropy (ΔS*), activation enthalpy (ΔH*), free energy of activation
(ΔG*), pre-exponential factor (A), and energy of activation (E*) are examples of kinetic parameters that have been
recorded. The surface morphology of iron(III), chromium(III), and vanadium(III) complexes were studied by
scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-phenyl)-5-aminobenzotriazole photostability as a
fluorescent dye and its synthesized metal complexes doped in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were subjected to
UV-Vis. light, and the absorption spectra changed at various points during the exposure period.